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Bingoal Stadion is a stadium located in the Forepark district of The Hague. It is the home stadium of football club ADO Den Haag and cost 27 million euros. The stadium accommodates 15,000 spectators and was officially put into use by ADO Den Haag during the 2007/08 season.
On February 18, 2022, storm Eunice swept across the Netherlands. With an average wind force of 10 along the entire coast, this severe storm caused significant damage. The roof of the Bingoal Stadion in The Hague also proved unable to withstand the storm’s force; in the northeast corner of the stadium, several roof panels of the stadium canopy came loose.
Following this damage, the Municipality of The Hague commissioned engineering firm ABT to assess the entire roof structure. The expected wind load could partly be determined using Eurocode NEN-EN 1991-1-4. However, due to the unique shape of a stadium, it was difficult to select the correct parameters from the Eurocode, which led to the decision that a more in-depth investigation was necessary.
ABT asked Peutz to conduct a wind load study on the stadium canopy. For the execution of the study in our wind tunnel, a detailed scale model of the stadium was created, including surrounding buildings within a radius of 230 meters. The roof of this model was fitted with 336 pressure measurement points. These were used to determine the expected extreme values of wind load for a storm that occurs once every 50 years.
The measurement results provide an accurate picture of the pressure distribution across the stadium canopy, offering insight into the loads that the roof panels, purlins, and trusses must be able to withstand. Based on this, it was determined whether and where reinforcements were necessary.
To construct the model, the stadium and its surroundings were first fully modeled in 3D. Since no 3D data of the stadium was available in this case, the entire stadium structure with cladding was modeled in three dimensions based on the two-dimensional construction drawings from 2006. The 3D data of the stadium surroundings was sourced from public databases such as the Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (AHN), the Basisregistratie Grootschalige Topografie (BGT), and 3DBAG (open up-to-date data with 3D models of all buildings in the Netherlands). The model was then produced in-house using 3D printing techniques. Combining public data and project-specific drawings with 3D printing techniques results in an accurate scale model with precise dimensions.
To measure wind pressures on the stadium canopies, pressure measurement points were placed across the entire façade/roof cladding of the stadium. These pressure points were connected to high-frequency pressure sensors via measurement tubes. To prevent the tubes from disturbing the wind flow in the scale model, the pressure channels were integrated into the stadium canopies, resulting in a visually appealing model and, more importantly, an accurate representation of the wind.
Wind load studies in the Netherlands are conducted according to CUR Recommendation 103: “Wind tunnel research for determining design wind loads on (tall) buildings and their components.” This standard sets requirements for modeling the wind profile and surroundings and describes a method for extreme value analysis to determine the maximum expected wind loads during a building’s lifespan.
The study on the stadium was conducted in accordance with CUR Recommendation 103. This means that wind pressures and suctions on the stadium were measured simultaneously, after which the local design wind load on the roof elements was determined. The global design wind load on the purlins and trusses of the roof structure was determined by integrating the simultaneously measured wind pressures using the corresponding surface areas and distances.
